Governance Theory and Its Applicability in China

　　With the emergence of governance theory, the term of governance became a popular word around the study of international social sciences, particularly in the domain of Public Administration. The concept of governance no longer believes in single strong state on one hand, and it abandons the idea of single liberal market on the other hand, therefore possessing greater explanatory ability while it goes byond the abstract opposition of statism and neo-liberalism. However, the applications and development of governance theory constrained by vagueness of key concept and jumble of its different streams. Clarifying the concept thus became essential for the further discussion of governance theory. Or, it is critically important to outline its logics, assess its theoretical 代写金融作业论文contributions, limits and petential development by rethinking the governance theory in the context of Public Administration. In addition, governance theory was mostly based on western experiences; there may be tensions between western paradigm and Chinese practices when the theory is applied in China. Inspecting the applicability of governance theory in China and extending it in accordance with Chinese reality will be beneficial to the development of the theory, as well as the autonomy of Chinese social science.The elements of governance can be concluded as following:compared with government, governance indicates a new trend which means adjustment of the relationship between state(government) and society to deal with the ungovernability in the public administration. In this trend, actors and forces beyond state were highly emphasized; the central role of state was replaced, to some extent, by patterns of combination of state, market and society. There is no certain pattern of governance practice because of different institutions, traditions and features of ungovernability in different countries. Claims such as polycentricity, decentralization and citizen participation etc. all imply that governance theory has the significant society centric inclination while the concept of meta-governance contends the back of state to the center. In the concept of meta-governance, the state not only has an important role in the governance process but it is also the only actor which can take the responsibility of governance failure. "Rolling back of the state" and "rolling back to the state" seems to constitute a contradiction; but this shows either a nonobjective society centric approach or an absolute state centric approach is impossible.Governance theory offers paarticular ideas on the patterns of democracy and the democratic administration. It declines the possibility of "one best" democratic model; instead, it pursues feasible participatory democracy and tries to find a better way to combine representative democracy model and participatory democracy model. Futher more, it is governance theory brings democracy theory and public administration together again since the establishment of the orthodox political-administrative dichotomy principal and the administrative state. Governance emphasizes the decision making function of democracy institutions; thus policy making is no longer the patent of legislators and bureaucrats, all of which refreshed the concept of democracy and provide a theoretical foundation for the democratic administration.Governance theory criticized the classical theory

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