Table of contents
1. Introduction
2. Cloning: general outlook
3. Reasons against cloning
4. Conclusion

Introduction
Cloning is a topic, which provokes loud debates among scientists and ordinary members of the society. Fantastic pictures created by many generations of the fiction writers came to be more real than they have expected. Cloning isn’t a term from the fiction novel any more but a reality we have to meet and react accordingly. Rapid development of new technologies in this field put the question of cloning from the plane of mere moralizing to more practical plane. The cloning debate is especially strong during last several years and both sides give very convincing arguments pro and contra cloning.
Those, who support cloning, give many reasons about use it can bring to the mankind. Among the main reasons which should persuade wide public in the necessity to continue experiments and tests in the field of cloning they call great use of cloning for medicine as it give the opportunity to grow organs for transportation; wonderful chance for barren couples to have a child with DNA of one of the parents. Supporters of the cloning also depict a wonderful possibility to revive great scientists, inventors of the past and put the mankind into the new level with their help. Perspectives depicted by those who support cloning are very seducing but we should remember about the dangers hidden in the development of this new method of reproduction.
In my paper I will try to give reasons against cloning, as I believe that it’s necessary to perform much research and experiments before making cloning the part of our everyday life. In my papers I will try to give several group of reasons against cloning. These groups are moral and ethical, physiological, religious, technological and some others.
Cloning: general outlook
To get a better idea about the cloning, its advantages and disadvantages, we must get a better idea about the process, which is understood by this term. There are three different branches of development of cloning, which belong to different areas. Embryo cloning deals with the fertilization and includes technique, which gives possibility to recreate embryos. In this case fertilized embryos are reproduced and newborn babies will have absolutely identical DNA. This kind of cloning was used for cloning animals and only lately big step was made in this area in order to make it possible to use embryo cloning to help people who can not have children. A lot of research should be made in this field before embryo cloning will be used for human cloning. Another type of cloning is called reproductive cloning and assumes reproduction of grown animals. Famous ship Dolly was created using this method. One cell from the grown up creature is used to fertilize and create an embryo. This kind of cloning provokes big social resonance. There is much speculation about this topic. The most furious opponents of cloning describe terrible pictures of army of clones created with the help of this method. Reproductive cloning became the subject of concern of not only scientists, but also the politicians and was forbidden in many countries. This cloning wasn’t tested on humans yet. Moral and ethical side of this problem provoke a lot of debates in the modern society. In addition, experiments done on animals show big percentage of irreversible genetic changes in the cloned animals, which provokes additional concerns. Theoretically, this type of cloning lets to reproduce an exact copy of an alive grown up person.
Third type of cloning called therapeutic is used mainly in medicine. Another name for this type of cloning is biomedical cloning. This kind of cloning is used to create organs or tissues for transplantation. In this case new healthy organ is created from the DNA of the person in order to replace his or her ill organ. Theoretically, this technique can be much better than transplantation of organs from other people. Organs and tissues achieved with the help of biomedical cloning will be absolutely suitable for the patient as they would be created from his DNK, which would make them absolutely identical to the organs they replace. Using this method would allow to simplify the process of transplantation and to reduce its cost. It’s necessary to make a distinction between these three types of cloning as they serve to completely different goals and present different level of threat and should be judged differently.
Reasons against cloning
 

Conclusion
Cloning is definitely an innovative method of reproduction, which opens wide perspective in many branches of science. In can be used in medicine, agriculture, chemistry and many other sciences. But I think there must be done a lot of research and testing before it becomes a part of our life. I believe that those, who see only positive aspects of cloning and possible use it can bring, undermine the problems and complications it can cause if used thoughtlessly. Mutations, degradation and unpredictable and irreversible changes of the animals and humans produced with the help of this method of reproduction only the most significant problems it can cause. There are many others and only considerable study of all possible consequences and pros and contras must influence final decision in this field.

References

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2. Nancy L. Jones, “Human cloning-embryo style: Deliverance or captivity?,” The Center for Bioethics and Human Dignity, 2001-NOV-28, at: http://www.cbhd.org/

3. Pence, Gregory E. Re-Creating Medicine: Ethical Issues at the Frontiers of Medicine. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2000.
4. Andrews, Lori, “Is There a Right to Clone? Constitutional Challengeshttp://www.dxlw.org/ to Bans on Human Cloning.” Harvard Journal of Law & Technology 11 (1998): 643-681.
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