The enteric nervous system as a part of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system
The enteric nervous system is quite complicated and it is closely linked to the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. Generally speaking the enteric nervous system consists of two principle components, they are two networks or plexuses of neurons, i.e. the myenteric and submucous plexus, both of which are embedded in the wall of the digestive tract making it possible to speak about this system as a ‘gut brain’. The myenteric plexus is located between longitudinal and circular layers of in the tunica muscularis and exerts control primarily over digestive tract motility. The submucous plexus is buried in the submucosa and its role is in sensing the environment within the lumen, regulating gastrointestinal blood flow and controlling epithelial cell function.
In fact the enteric nervous system can and does function autonomously. At this respect it is possible to speak about this system as independent one but at the same time normal digestive function requires communication links between this intrinsic system and the central nervous system. These links take the form of parasympathetic and sympathetic fibres that connect either the central and enteric nervous system or connect the central nervous system directly with the digestive tract. Through these cross connections, the gut can provide sensory information to the CNS and the CNS can affect gastrointestinal function. Connection to the CNS also means that signals from outside of the digestive system can be relayed to the digestive system, for instance the sight of appealing food stimulates secretion in the stomach.
This knowledge is particularly important for a RN because the understanding of the role of the enteric nervous system and its close link to the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system provides the possibility to recognize the malfunctioning of the system as the cause of digestive tract diseases, including small intestinal motility disorders, gastric outlet obstructions and megacolon and properly treat these diseases.代写留学生作业,代写essay,代写assignment,澳洲代写Assignment,英国作业,澳洲作业代写,美国留学生毕业论文,加拿大留学生论文等英语论文,是专业的英文论文代写网站