 Pakulski and Waters make generalizations without and often against empirical evidence to support their claims.
pp.88-89: Here there is a useful defence for the view that social class has not lost its salience and significance. Westergaard takes a different approach to Pakulski and Waters arguing that far from declining, class differences are becoming more important in society, not less.
• Evidence of the hardening of the class structure
• Reasons for the hardening of the class structure
• Class and other divisions
• Class ‘in itself’ and class ‘for itself’
 
pp.867 – 872: This theory section in Haralambos draws together some key themes put forward in Marx`s analysis. In many ways it should be read first to gain an overview of his ideas.
• Introduction
 The historical perspective
 Dialectical materialism
 The material basis of social life
 The emergence of contradictions
• Alienation
This will be considered in more detail later in the course
• Class
 The two-class model
 Class and consciousness
• Social Change
 The transition from feudalism to capitalism
 The transition from capitalism to communism
• Marxism a critique
 Economic determinism
 A defence of Marx

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