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Social Action Theory (Conflict Structuralism 2): Weber
1. How is society constructed?
Society is created through social interaction. Social interaction is the behaviour of people consciously relating to one another. In the process of interaction, people form institutions. Although people create institutions such as schools, factories and churches, these institutions in turn influence people. This is partly because pressure exists to observe the rules and procedures of institutions.
Weber felt that Marx overemphasised the importance of class groupings. He recognised that classes are important but considered political parties and status groups (social and friendship groups) to be further powerful and important forces in society, not necessarily dependent on class (as Marx contended they essentially were). This major point of difference between Marx and Weber will be discussed later in the course. Weber also stressed the power of large organisations or bureaucracies over the life of the individual.

2. How does society “operate” or function?
Again, Weber`s answer to this question shows his keen awareness of both the individual`s influence on society and of society`s influence on the individual. On the one hand, he stresses that the ideas and feelings people have do sometimes inspire action and affect history. For example, he argued that certain powerful and dynamic figures, or charismatic leaders as he called them, such as Christ or Napoleon, really can change the course of events. On the other hand, he realised that most people`s lives are formed and limited by the society they live in, and particularly by the immediate institutions they come in contact with, such as schools and places of work. He was personally concerned that large-scale institutions of modern societies (factories, government bureaucracies for example) would limit the scope of individual freedom and creativity. It seems to worry Weber more than it does the strict functionalists that many people may be only ‘small cogs in large machines’ as far as their work is concerned.